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1.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 36(1): 85-90, jan.-mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151659

ABSTRACT

Tromboses e tromboflebites superficiais de membros superiores são doenças frequentes e muitas vezes pouco valorizadas. Relatamos três pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgias plásticas mamárias estéticas que apresentaram tromboflebite em membros superiores e que evoluíram com tromboembolismo pulmonar. Todas as pacientes apresentaram quadro clínico típico, com comprovação pelo Doppler ultrassonografia de trombose/flebite superficial de membros superiores e ausência de lesões em membros inferiores, bem como aumento de dímero-D e comprovação da embolia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada ou cintilografia pulmonar. Os três casos evoluíram com melhora após anticoagulação e sem sequelas.


Superficial thrombosis and thrombophlebitis of the upper limbs are frequent and often underestimated diseases. We report three patients in the postoperative cosmetic breast plastic surgery period who presented thrombophlebitis in the upper limbs and who evolved with pulmonary thromboembolism. All patients had a typical clinical picture, with Doppler ultrasound evidence of thrombosis/superficial phlebitis of the upper limbs and absence of lesions in the lower limbs and an increase in D-dimer and evidence of pulmonary embolism by computed tomography or pulmonary scintigraphy. The three cases evolved with improvement after anticoagulation and without sequelae.

2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(4): 333-342, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137205

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: PECS I block was first described for surgery involving the pectoralis muscles. No randomized clinical trial has been conducted on surgeries that directly involve these muscles, such as subpectoral breast augmentation. We hypothesized that PECS I block would decrease pain in the postoperative period in this population. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in women undergoing subpectoral breast augmentation surgery. PECS I block was performed using 0.4 mL.kg-1 of 0.9% saline on one side and bupivacaine (0.25%) on the other side, each patient being her own control. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores (0 - 10) were measured at rest and during movement. The primary outcome was pain score at rest 30 minutes after arrival in the PACU. To detect a clinically significant difference of 50% in pain reduction, 14 volunteers were enrolled (power of 90% and alpha < 0.05). Results: In the PACU, three patients had no difference in pain between sides, five had reduced pain on the placebo side, and six had reduced pain on the bupivacaine side. In the bupivacaine group, pain scores at rest at 5, 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours were 4.89 (4.23 - 5.56; mean 95% CI), 3.75 (3.13 - 4.37), 3.79 (2.93 - 4.64), and 2.29 (1.56 - 3.01), respectively, whereas in the placebo group, they were 4.96 (4.32 - 5.60), 4.00 (3.50 - 4.49), 3.93 (3.12 - 4.73), and 2.29 (1.56 - 3.01), respectively. Conclusions: PECS I block in patients undergoing breast augmentation surgery does not provide better pain relief than placebo. Therefore, the indications for PECS I block in breast augmentation surgery should be reconsidered.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O bloqueio PECS I foi descrito pela primeira vez para cirurgia envolvendo os músculos peitorais. Nenhum estudo clínico randomizado foi realizado em procedimentos envolvendo diretamente os músculos peitorais, como a mamoplastia de aumento submuscular. Nossa hipótese foi de que o bloqueio PECS I diminuiria a dor pós-operatória nessa população. Método: Realizamos estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo em mulheres submetidas à mamoplastia de aumento submuscular. Realizamos o bloqueio PECS I com 0,4 mL.kg-1 de solução salina a 0,9% de um lado e bupivacaína (0,25%) do outro lado, sendo cada paciente seu próprio controle. Os escores da Escala de Avaliação Numérica (EAN) de dor (0 - 10) foram obtidos em repouso e durante movimento. O desfecho primário foi o escore de dor em repouso 30 minutos após a chegada à SRPA. Para detectar uma diferença clinicamente significante de 50% na redução da dor, 14 voluntárias foram incluídas (poder de 90% e alfa < 0,05). Resultados: Na SRPA, três pacientes não apresentaram diferença na dor entre os lados, cinco relataram menos dor no lado do placebo e seis, menos dor no lado da bupivacaína. No grupo bupivacaína, os escores de dor em repouso aos 5, 30 e 60 minutos e 24 horas foram 4,89 (4,23 - 5,56; IC médio 95%), 3,75 (3,13 - 4,37), 3,79 (2,93 - 4,64) e 2,29 (1,56 - 3,01), respectivamente, enquanto no grupo placebo foram 4,96 (4,32 - 5,60), 4,00 (3,50 - 4,49), 3,93 (3,12 - 4,73) e 2,29 (1,56 - 3,01), respectivamente. Conclusões: O bloqueio PECS I em pacientes submetidas a mamoplastia de aumento não oferece melhor alívio da dor do que o placebo. Portanto, as indicações para bloqueio de PECS I na cirurgia de aumento de mama devem ser reconsideradas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Breast Implantation/methods , Nerve Block/methods , Pain Measurement , Double-Blind Method , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(3): 307-310, May-June 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013412

ABSTRACT

Abstract Augmentation mammoplasty is the third most frequently performed esthetic surgical procedure worldwide. Breast augmentation with prosthetic implants requires the insertion of an implant under breast tissue, which causes severe pain due to tissue extension and surgical trauma to separated tissues. In this case series, we present the successful pain management of six patients with ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane block after augmentation mammoplasty. In the operating room, all patients received standard monitoring. While the patients were sitting, the anesthesiologist performed bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block at the level of T5. Bupivacaine (0.25%, 20 mL) was injected deep to the erector spinae muscle. Then, induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium bromide. All patients received intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol for analgesia. The mean operation time was 72.5±6 min and none of the patients received additional fentanyl. The mean pain scores of the patients were 1, 2, 2, and 2 at the postoperative 5th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes, respectively. At the postoperative 24th hour, the mean Numerical Rating Scale score was 1. The mean intravenous tramadol consumption was 70.8±15.3 mg in the first 24 h. None of the patients had any complications related to erector spinae plane block.


Resumo A mamoplastia de aumento é o terceiro procedimento cirúrgico estético mais feito em todo o mundo. A cirurgia com implantes protéticos requer a inserção de um implante sob o tecido mamário, o que causa dor intensa devido à extensão do tecido e trauma cirúrgico aos tecidos separados. Nesta série de casos, apresentamos o manejo bem-sucedido da dor em seis pacientes com bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha guiado por ultrassom (US-ESP) após mamoplastia de aumento. Na sala de cirurgia, todas as pacientes receberam monitoramento padrão. Enquanto as pacientes estavam sentadas, o anestesiologista fez o bloqueio US-ESP bilateral no nível de T5. Bupivacaína (0,25%, 20 mL) foi injetada entre os músculos romboide maior e eretor da espinha. Em seguida, a indução anestésica foi feita com propofol, fentanil e rocurônio. Todas as pacientes receberam dexcetoprofeno trometamol por via venosa para analgesia. O tempo médio de operação foi de 72,5 ± 6 minutos e nenhuma das pacientes recebeu fentanil adicional. Os escores médios de dor das pacientes foram 1, 2, 2 e 2 no 5°, 30°, 60° e 120° minutos de pós-operatório, respectivamente. No 24° dia de pós-operatório, o escore médio da Escala de Avaliação Numérica (NRS) foi 1. O consumo médio de tramadol foi de 40 ± 33,4 mg nas primeiras 24 horas. Nenhuma das pacientes apresentou complicações relacionadas ao bloqueio US-ESP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Breast Implantation/methods , Nerve Block/methods , Tramadol/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Paraspinal Muscles , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
4.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 16(2): 54-62, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-834607

ABSTRACT

El aumento mamario es uno de los procedimientos más comúnmente realizados en todo el mundo entre las cirugías reconstructivas estéticas. Entre las indicaciones para realizar el procedimiento se encuentran las alteraciones primarias y secundarias relacionadas con la forma y el volumen de los senos. Durante la evaluación inicial, se debe hacer hincapié en la anamnesis y el examen físico, permitiendo definir el tamaño del objetivo y las expectativas realistas para determinar prospectivamente las posibles tasas de satisfacción postoperatoria. Hay varios métodos utilizados para seleccionar los implantes adecuados que se han vuelto más precisos con el tiempo y con el uso de la tecnología. Aunque existen múltiples materiales desarrollados, hasta el momento los implantes de silicona siguen siendo los más utilizados en todo el mundo con bajas tasas de complicaciones dependiendo de cada paciente y de la técnica utilizada. Se considera como una de las cirugías estéticas reconstructivas con mayor grado de aceptación entre la población general que se somete a este tipo de procedimientos.


Breast augmentation is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide among aesthetic reconstructive surgeries. Among the indications for performing the procedure are primary and secondary alterations related to breasts shape and volume. During the initial assessment, emphasis should be placed in the anamnesis and physical examination, allowing to define target sizing and realistic expectations to prospectively determine the possible postoperative satisfaction rates. There are several methods used to select the appropriate implants that have become more accurate with time and with the use of technology. Although there are multiple materials developed, to this moment silicone implants continue to be the ones most used worldwide with low complication rates depending on each patient and on thetechnique used. It is considered as one of the aesthetic reconstructive surgeries with the highest degree of acceptance among the general population who undergo this type of procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Implants , Mammaplasty
5.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 36(3): 167-172, oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635989

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar si la irrigación de anestésicos locales en la cavidad mamaria, en pacientes sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento, disminuye la necesidad de analgesia de rescate y la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio, medido con la escala visual análoga. Metodología. Estudio clínico cuasiexperimental controlado con placebo. En el grupo de intervención se irrigó la cavidad mamaria con una solución de lidocaína al 1% con epinefrina (7 mg/kg), bupivacaína al 0,5% (3 mg/kg) y solución salina. En el grupo control se irrigó la cavidad mamaria con solución salina. La técnica anestésica y la analgesia de transición fueron estandarizadas. Se registró el analgésico opiáceo (morfina, hidromorfona o meperidina) y la dosis total requerida como analgesia de rescate durante la estancia en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos (UCPA). Se registró la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio al recuperar la conciencia, a los treinta minutos, a la primera hora, a las dos, a las cinco y a las veinticuatro horas del postoperatorio. Resultados. Se encontró diferencia en el número de pacientes que requirieron analgesia de rescate con morfina en la UCPA (p<0,01), 10% en él grupo de intervención versus 50% en el grupo control. También se encontró diferencia en la intensidad del dolor (p<0,01). Conclusiones. La irrigación de anestésicos locales en la cavidad mamaria en pacientes sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento disminuye la necesidad de analgesia de rescate con opiáceos y la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio.


Objective: To determine if the irrigation of the breast cavity with local anesthetics in patients who undergo breast augmentation surgery reduces rescue analgesic requirements and postoperatory pain intensity level, measured with the analogue visual scale. Methods: Placebo controlled non randomized clinicál triál. In the intervention group the breast cavity was irrigated with 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (7 mg/kg), 0,5% bupivacaine (3 mg/kg) and normal satine solution. In the second group the breast cavity was irrigated with satine solution. Anesthetic and transition analgesia techniques were standardized. Type (morphine, hydromorphone and meperidine) and total required dose of opioid rescue analgesic medication in the Post Anesthetic Core Unit were also registered. Postoperative pain intensity level was also registered at the moment of consciousness recovery, at thirty minutes, at the first hour, at two, five and twenty four hours of postoperative period. Results: There was a difference in the number of patients requiring opioid rescue analgesia with morphine at the Post Anesthetic Care Unit (p<0.01), 10% in the intervention group versus 50% in the control group. Likewise, there was difference in pain intensity level (p<0.01). Conclusions: Local anesthetic irrigation in patients who underwent breast augmentation surgery reduces opioid rescue analgesia requirements and postoperative pain intensity level.


Subject(s)
Humans
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